Flow Control In Python (If-Else & Loop)

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🔹 1. If-Else Statements in Python

✅ Purpose:

Used to make decisions in your code. Based on a condition, different blocks of code are executed.

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🔸 Syntax:

if condition:
    # Code runs if condition is True
elif another_condition:
    # Runs if first condition is False and this is True
else:
    # Runs if none of the above conditions are True

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🔸 Example:

x = 15

if x > 20:
    print("Greater than 20")
elif x > 10:
    print("Greater than 10 but not more than 20")
else:
    print("10 or less")

🧠 Explanation:

• x = 15
• x > 20 is False
• x > 10 is True, so it prints "Greater than 10 but not more than 20"

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🔹 2. Loops in Python

Loops help repeat code until a condition is met.

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➤ A. for Loop

✅ Used for:

• Iterating over a sequence (like list, range, string)

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🔸 Example:

for i in range(5):
    print("Number:", i)

🧠 Explanation:

• range(5) gives: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
• Loop prints each number from 0 to 4

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➤ B. while Loop

✅ Used for:

• Repeating a block while a condition is True

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🔸 Example:

count = 1

while count <= 5:
    print("Count is:", count)
    count += 1

🧠 Explanation:

• Starts from 1 and continues until 5
• count += 1 increases the value in each loop

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🔹 3. Loop Control Statements

🔸 break

• Stops the loop

for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break
    print(i)

➡️ Stops at 4, doesn't print 5

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🔸 continue

• Skips the current loop iteration and continues with the next

for i in range(5):
    if i == 2:
        continue
    print(i)

➡️ Skips printing 2, prints 0, 1, 3, 4

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✅ Summary Table

Statement	Purpose
if	Executes code when condition is True
elif	Checks next condition if previous is False
else	Executes when none of the above are True
for	Loop over sequences/ranges
while	Loop until condition is False
break	Exit the loop early
continue	Skip current iteration

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