microcontroller (MCU)

 A microcontroller is a device for compact integreted circuit design to govern a specific operations in almost embedded systems .Such like the digital camera , Digital watches , mp3 players ,calculators & various electronics systems . If we talk about a typical microcontroller include a processor ,memory , and input/output peripheral on a singal chip .

Embedded controller or the microcontroller Unit (MCU)

Microcontoller found in the robots , vehicle , office machine , medical device ,home appliances and other devices .They are the basically the simple pc are design to control the small features of the larger components ,without a complex frontend operating systems (OS) .

The major element of the microcontroller (MCU)

The processor - CPU A Processor can be thought as the brain of the device .Its respond to the various instructions and direct the microcontroller functions .This can be involve as the basic arithmatics ,logics , and I/O operations . It also perform the data transfer operations . 

• Memory -- A microcontroller's memory is used to store the data that the processor receives and uses to respond to instructions that it's been programmed to carry out. A microcontroller has two main memory types:
  1. Program memory, which stores long-term information about the instructions that the CPU carries out. Program memory is non-volatile memory, meaning it holds information over time without needing a power source.
  2. Data memory, which is required for temporary data storage while the instructions are being executed. Data memory is volatile, meaning the data it holds is temporary and is only maintained if the device is connected to a power source.
• I/O peripherals -- The input and output devices are the interface for the processor to the outside world. The input ports receive information and send it to the processor in the form of binary data. The processor receives that data and sends the necessary instructions to output devices that execute tasks external to the microcontroller.

While the processor, memory and I/O peripherals are the defining elements of the microprocessor, there are other elements that are frequently included. The term I/O peripherals itself simply refers to supporting components that interface with the memory and processor. There are many supporting components that can be classified as peripherals. Having some manifestation of an I/O peripheral is elemental to a microprocessor, because they are the mechanism through which the processor is applied.