Python Data Types Full Guide with Example

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✅ Python Data Types – Full Guide with Examples

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🔹 What is a Data Type?

A data type defines the type of value a variable holds.
Python is dynamically typed, so it automatically detects the data type when you assign a value.

x = 10           # int
y = 3.14         # float
name = "Arvind"  # string

Use type() to check:

print(type(x))  # <class 'int'>

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🔸 1. Numeric Types

✅ int – Whole numbers

a = 100
print(type(a))      # <class 'int'>

✅ float – Decimal numbers

b = 99.99
print(type(b))      # <class 'float'>

✅ complex – Complex numbers

c = 3 + 4j
print(type(c))      # <class 'complex'>

📌 Use Case: Finance, math, engineering.

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🔸 2. Text Type

✅ str – String (sequence of characters)

name = "Arvind"
msg = 'Hello'
print(type(name))   # <class 'str'>

✅ Strings can be:

• Single 'Hello'
• Double "Hello"
• Triple '''Multi-line'''

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🔸 3. Boolean Type

✅ bool – Only two values: True or False

is_active = True
print(type(is_active))  # <class 'bool'>

📌 Used for logic, conditions, switches.

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🔸 4. Sequence Types

✅ list – Ordered, changeable, allows duplicates

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"]
print(type(fruits))     # <class 'list'>
print(fruits[0])        # apple

✅ tuple – Ordered, unchangeable, allows duplicates

colors = ("red", "blue", "green")
print(type(colors))     # <class 'tuple'>

✅ range – Represents a range of numbers

r = range(1, 6)
print(list(r))          # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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🔸 5. Set Types

✅ set – Unordered, no duplicates

nums = {1, 2, 3, 2}
print(nums)             # {1, 2, 3}

✅ frozenset – Immutable version of set

fset = frozenset([1, 2, 3])
print(fset)

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🔸 6. Mapping Type

✅ dict – Key-value pair storage

person = {"name": "Arvind", "age": 30}
print(person["name"])   # Arvind
print(type(person))     # <class 'dict'>

📌 Great for storing structured data like user profiles, configurations.

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🔸 7. Binary Types

✅ bytes

b = b"Hello"
print(type(b))          # <class 'bytes'>

✅ bytearray

ba = bytearray([65, 66, 67])
print(ba)               # bytearray(b'ABC')

✅ memoryview

mv = memoryview(bytes(5))
print(mv)

📌 Useful for working with binary files, images, audio, etc.

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🔸 8. NoneType

✅ None – Represents absence of value

x = None
print(type(x))          # <class 'NoneType'>

📌 Used to initialize variables or return "nothing".

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✅ Type Casting (Convert Data Types)

a = int("10")           # string to int
b = float(5)            # int to float
c = str(99)             # int to string

print(type(a), type(b), type(c))

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✅ Real-world Example

user = {
    "name": "Arvind",       # str
    "age": 25,              # int
    "is_verified": True,    # bool
    "skills": ["Python", "AI"],  # list
}
print(user)

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✅ Summary Table

Data Type	Description	Example
int	Integer numbers	x = 10
float	Decimal numbers	pi = 3.14
str	Text/String	name = "Arvind"
bool	True or False	is_on = True
list	Ordered, mutable	[1, 2, 3]
tuple	Ordered, immutable	(1, 2, 3)
set	Unordered, unique	{1, 2, 3}
dict	Key-value store	{"name": "Arvind"}
NoneType	Empty/Null	x = None

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✅ Best Practices

• Use descriptive variable names (student_name not sn)
• Don’t confuse = (assignment) with == (comparison)
• Prefer lists for ordered collections, sets for uniqueness
• Use None to declare an uninitialized value
• Always test your types with type() for clarity

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